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From the presentation, it is clear that art has been a way of being able to communicate illnesses are experienced and how they affect the person who has the illness in their daily. art also is a way to understand the areas in which the health system lacks and has to improve, Gerald Sekoto's 1940 painting, The Waiting Room, illustrates this well. Art teaches compassion to the sick as seen in The Doctor by Luke Fildes 1891, The Mining Doctor William Kentridge 1999and the Keiskamma Triptych. During this session, we learned how art was important in educating people on HIV and AIDS. We also learned to be present in the moment with people who are chronically ill and acknowledge their lives as important, even if they won't be there for long and could possibly never get a cure. My visual representation illustrates my passion for science and helping communities as well as my hope to one day become a doctor or a researcher.

ACTIVITY 1.1.3.1 Time to reflect. I can identify with the idea that health should be approached holistically, and herbs and plants being used for healings. I think there is some truth in that. Health should be tailored to the person instead of the other way around where they are to fit into a mould, although that is useful most of the time. The use of herbs and plants is how some medicine in the west has developed and therefore I see no problem with that in traditional medicine. “Further, traditional healing encompasses treating illnesses with herbs to spiritual treatment (United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS - UNAIDS, 2006). It is holistic in its approach and embodies the collective wisdom of indigenous knowledge handed down over many generations (Ashforth, 2005)” What I found unusual about traditional medicine is the idea that you communicate through ancestors to find out the cause of your aliment. In my world view when someone has succumbed to their illness or has been involved in a fatal event, whether it was voluntary or not, once they are gone there is no way to contact that person as they no longer exist in your reality no matter what belief that a person subscribes to. They are similar to my own as they don’t encourage people to stop receiving ‘western medicine’ and only receive traditional medicine. People are allowed to explore their options for alternative ways to heal, however until they find one that works even better than the medicine that they are receiving they should stick to what is work for them in ‘western medicine.’ They are different to my own health beliefs is that is “Craffert (1997) argued that illness and health care systems in any society, whether traditional or Western, are in one way or another determined by or closely connected to the culture or world-views of those societies. Every society develops its own cultural way of dealing with illnesses.” This can be true in some sense but since science has come long way and more developed there is medicine or health ideas that can be true without having to depend on culture or worldviews. The only obstacle is the belief in ancestors.

Activity 1.4.5.1: Building your Team Contract Guidelines This is a group work activity, in which all the members of your group are required to participate: ● Communicate with your teammates to set up a time to meet (online or in person). ● When you get together, choose someone to chair the meeting. ● As a group, read the entire activity and discuss the requirements before completing it. ● As you work through this activity, brainstorm, and note down ideas from group members. ● Take turns to speak / contribute. ● When you are done with this team contract, email it to your tutor and ensure that every member has a copy At the end of this activity, you should have completed the following: Part 1: Group Members, Team Roles, and Team Rotation Strategy ❏ Completed contact details ❏ Describe different team roles ❏ Complete the team rotation strategy ❏ Set up appropriate platforms to facilitate communication, e.g., WhatsApp group, Google Drive Folders etc. Part 2: Team Agreement ❏ Complete team values ❏ Participation Ag,reement ❏ Communication Policy and Procedures ❏ Decision Making ❏ Conflict Resolution Part 1: Group Members, Team Roles, and Team Rotation Strategy Step 1: Team Members’ Contact Details Step 2: Team Roles In each of your group work tutorials, you will need to clearly define which role a team member must play. Examples of team roles are leader, scribe/note taker, editor, one responsible for submission etc. For there to be clear role definition, identify and describe the roles that are important for your team to function well: Step 3: Team Role Rotation Strategy You may choose to complete this section last, once you have a clearer understanding of your group working and communication strategy. This is not a set rotation plan but is a good way to allow people to take different roles in your team meetings. Step 4: Team Communication Strategy In addition to the timetabled group work sessions, how often will the group meet? Think about what is practical and appropriate for your needs. This will change based on the amount of work that needs to be covered. However, once a week is the baseline. These details for each session (date, venue, time) will be discussed prior. What tools, software, applications and platforms will your group use to work and communicate? WhatsApp group chat Student Emails MS Teams Shared online documents Part 2: Team Agreement Step 1: Team Values List the values you hold as a team to facilitate working together. Examples of values are: respect, integrity, etc. Our team values are: Step 2: Participation List how your team members will participate. As a team we jointly agree that every member commits to participating in the following ways: Step 3: Communication Policy and Procedure As a team, you should be clear about how you will communicate. Describe your communication policy and procedures. Example: “All formal correspondence should be issued via email and should include all team members.” communication policy and procedure: Communication will take place on the Whatsapp group containing all team members for day-to-day communication. Sending of work will take place on student email address and should include all team members. Information discussed will remain private. Step 4: Decision making Describe how decisions are made and finalised by the team. Example: Majority vote, Group leader, Process owner. Decisions will be made by majority vote with all group members taking part. Step 5: Conflict Resolution 5.1: What approaches or guidelines will your team apply to avoid conflict? Being respectful in communication, and every member of the group will hold to team values. We will include every member of the group so that no one is left out. Ensure communication and be fair in your requests. Stick to our commitments and roles by remaining accountable and honest, and communicate any problems beforehand. Being mindful of group member’s time. 5.2: What is the procedure to communicate when a conflict occurs? Discuss it within the group, and if it is not resolved consult the tutor as mediator. 5.3: What is your team's approach to resolving conflict? Example: “The team will appoint one or two members to mediate/arbitrate”. conflict resolution approach: Appoint team members to mediate or arbitrate. Communicate problems in a simple way without harsh language. When conflict occurs and if necessary, take a break to calm down and process your emotions.

In this activity, you will have the opportunity to practice the SQ3R method to read some of the literature for your course paper that you found last week. This activity is a guided activity which should help you navigate the world of academic reading. There are 4 parts to this activity and by the end of it, you should have an idea how to read academic literature in preparation for writing your course paper. You can include this activity in the Writing Journal portion of your portfolio. At the end of last week’s tutorial we asked you to find 6 articles – two articles for one topic that you identified in each of the three parts of your course paper. Choose one of the articles that you chose and this is the article you will be working with today. As a university student you will be exposed to lengthy texts, some of which will contain unfamiliar terminology or complex concepts. However, as you develop your academic skills, reading academic material will become easier. Before you begin reading, remember that academic reading often requires you to actively engage with, and critically think about the information you take in. There is a purpose behind what you’re reading and understanding this purpose frames how you interpret and use the information. Rather than passively read information, reading academic sources and information encourages you to ask questions about what you’re reading, and invites you to draw connections to existing knowledge. Here, you are reading for the purposes of learning more about the topics you found in your essay question so that you can have the sources to justify the claims and arguments you make in your course paper. Try limit yourself to the time limit you are given, to make your reading quicker and more efficient. Part 1: Surveying This step is beneficial because it allows you to gain an overall idea of the text. It will help you to observe the publication details and the credibility of the author. It will provide clues and set up expectations about what you will read. Surveying the text will also help you filter out unimportant information and help you consider whether the text you are reading will be suitable for your essay. This part consists of 2 steps: Step 1A: Skimming: You have 5 minutes to scan the entire article. The following questions will guide you on which parts to look at when skimming. Skim the article and answer the following questions: 1. What is the title of your article and who is the author? The title is Human resources for health and universal health coverage : progress, complexities and contestations. The authors are Laetitia C. Rispel ,Duane Blaauw, Prudence Ditlopo, Janine White 2. When was your article published? (If your article is more than 10 years old, consider it outdated) 1 March 2018 3. Does your article contain an abstract? Yes No 4. What are the headings in your text? (These will give you a clue as to what each paragraph or section will cover. Read the first and last sentence in each paragraph, not word for word but quickly to give you an idea what each paragraph is about) Conceptual framework for analysis. Progress, complexities and contestations. Conclusion and recommendations. 5. Does your article contain and tables and diagrams? (Not all academic articles contain these, so do not write it off if you do not find this section) Yes No 6. Does your text have an in-text referencing and a reference list at the end of it? (All academic articles should have this, if yours does not, that it means it is not suitable for your course paper) Yes No 7. Will this text be suitable for your essay? Yes No Step 1b: Scanning Now that you have skimmed the text and have a general idea of what the text is about, you have 10 minutes to scan. To scan read the abstract, introduction (the first paragraph after the abstract), and conclusion (the last paragraph of the text). 1. What are the key concepts/ideas you find in these sections? The introduction issues that have been controversial in the media in regards to health, “Since the launch of the 20th edition of the South African Health Review (SAHR) in August 2017, the Life Esidimeni catastrophe, or more accurately the Gauteng Mental Health Marathon Project (GMHMP)”, and points out that these situations are could be a case study for human resources for health and points out that human resources for health are essential for “resilient healthcare systems, and universal health coverage (UHC).” Then what will be discussed in the research is stated “This chapter highlights the progress, complexities and contestations pertaining to HRH for UHC and high-quality health systems in South Africa. “and where the statistics were found are also given in the introduction. The conclusion recognizes the progress that has been made but the address the weakness that still need to be dealt with then recommends solutions for the weakness, which are , Enhance HRH technical capacity and expertise in the NDoH, Recruit public servants with the right skills, competencies, ethos and values, Improve performance management system, Increase allocation of HRH in rural and/or underserved areas and Immediate Priorities. The Abstract summaries the importance of human resources for health (HRH) to achieve universal health coverage, lists the positive HRH developments then discusses weakness in South Africa in HRH and how these weakness can be addressed. 2. Will this text help you write on the topic you are reading it for? Yes No Part 2: Questioning This step will help you gain deeper meaning of text. Questioning the text, will link ideas to other texts, existing knowledge and to your own ideas on the topic. Finally, it will help you evaluate the validity of the arguments made in the paper and assess whether the information will be relevant for your essay. Try keep to 10 minutes for this part. 1. From the previous step, you started sectioning the text by scanning the abstract, introduction and conclusion. Scan these sections one more time and think of 3 questions about the text or your topic? 1) What recommendations were given for the weakness in human resources for health that were listed? 2) What are the weakness in human resources for health that were listed? 3) What positive developments in human resource of health were identified? Part 3: Reading, Recalling, Reviewing As you begin to do a more in-depth reading of the text, keep these questions in mind. You will read as an attempt these questions will help provide you with context and purpose to inform your understanding. For this part you can use the rest of the session which should be about 30 minutes. At first you may use the whole 30 minutes or even longer. As you practice this method more and become better at reading academic texts it will take you less time. Step 3A: Reading Break the text into the heading sections, and if need be, break the heading sections down even more to manageable chunks. Start with each section and read carefully. Write notes as you read. Re-read the text again to clarify your understanding of the text and to answer your 3 questions from the previous step. 1. Answer your questions 3 questions: 1) “Key recommendations include enhancing HRH technical capacity and expertise in the National Department of Health to provide strategic leadership and support for the entire health system; recruitment of public servants with the right skills, competencies, ethos and values; and the equitable allocation of resources to rural and/or underserved areas.” 2) “These weaknesses include: insufficient stewardship of HRH planning across the entire healthcare system; lack of a national integrated HRH information system, and inadequate information on overall HRH supply to address historical inequities between urban and rural areas and the public and private health sectors; gaps, and at times failures, in HRH governance; fragmentation, weak coordination and suboptimal governance of health sciences education; and poor and ineffective operational management across all types of health facilities and provincial health departments, with rural provinces worse off than their urban counterparts.” 3) “Positive HRH developments during the review period include: government’s commitment to developing HRH norms and standards; confirmation of a relatively strong health professional regulatory framework that provides a foundation for reforms; the publication of a major study on health professions education; and embryonic initiatives to develop HRH strategic plans linked to universal health coverage. “ Step 4b: Recall Now that you have read the text thoroughly, choose one section that you read in the text. It can be the introduction, a paragraph in the body or the conclusion. Without reading it again, in 150 – 250 words what are the main points of this section? (Ideally you would repeat this step for each section of the text but for the purposes of this tutorial and time, we ask you to choose one section) One of the topics listed under Progress, complexities, and contestations Human resource for health (HRH) is HRH Management which was defined as how an organization makes a choice on how to carry out a task such as employment, which employee to keep, who to employ, who to keep and who’s employment to terminate. Research in rural areas in hospitals, clinic and community health centers found them to be under preforming and had poor operational management. In all provinces, including Gauteng, Western cape and KwaZulu-Natal which had the highest performance rate, performance was below 70%. Poor operational management was linked to health worker retention and performance. Which most graduates moving to privet sector and graduates in rehabilitation therapy having no job opportunities in the public sector after community services has been completed. With all this poor operational management scores across all facility types and nine health departments are a concern. If NHI is to be implemented the focus should first be on retain staff and creating job opportunities in the public health sector. Step 4c: Review It is now time to consolidate what you have learned from the text. Cover the short paragraph you wrote above and see if you can remember it in your mind. If it helps, say it out loud. This step may seem unnecessary, but it helps your long-term memory. It will come in handy when you begin writing because it will help you remember what texts you can use to justify the claims you make. Academic reading is a daunting task if you have never done it before. Although we tried to fit in the reading of a text in an hour, you should give yourself time during the week to read so that you can have a draft ready by 16 September. Next week, we will begin creating mind maps and outlines for each section of your essay so it will be beneficial for you to use the week to read at least two papers for each part of your essay so that you can create a well-informed essay outline. Remember to save this worksheet to upload to your Portfolio of Learning Writing Journal. When you meet with your tutors in 2 weeks you will also be able to give them these worksheets to review, give you feedback, and see whether you are on the right track.

ACTIVITY 1.2.3.2 · When I reflect back on my opinion on the public health sector I don’t think that my opinion has changed much because I was speaking from a point of view of someone who made use of the services that the public health sector offers. · Most of the time people are looking for information to agree with whatever belief that they have and not be challenged therefore only stories of anything unsuccessful will garner more attention. · Positive story of the public health sector: https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-022-07777-x ACTIVITY 1.2.3.3 · However, despite the scientific evidence and need, this form of breastfeeding is not being carried out across the whole of South Africa. Answer the following questions: 1. What do you think prevents this from the side of: • the state • schools and institutions • commercial employers • retail and leisure spaces A: The state doesn’t ensure that there is enough food or clean drinking water for most communities. Schools and institutions need to educate woman on the importance of breastfeeding in order to counter act the lie that breastfeeding is not important. Commercial employees should allow woman to stay home for at least the first six months of their babies being born instead of having them return form work, or they can have them work from home. 2. How do these cultural and social prejudices and bias work against breastfeeding? • The view of women’s bodies as polluted or embarrassing or dangerous? • Cultural stigma around women and their bodies? • The sexualisation of women as mothers and their breasts? • Women’s power or lack thereof in religious entities? • Issues of fashion and body norms for women and social pressure to conform? A: Women are made to feel ashamed of what they can’t control and occurs naturally, breastfeeding. Women can’t breastfeed their children in public without being because it is seen as immoral, or they are sexualized. Clothes that women are required to wear may make it difficult to breastfeed their children in any place. Breastfeeding then gets a negative representation making women less inclined to do it and therefore the babies, who aren’t though of at all, suffer the consequences. that might be the reason that people are unwilling to change their way of thinking, because they aren’t the one that have to carry the consequences it’s the babies. 3. What kind of resource allocation would be needed to make breastfeeding – along public health guidelines – a reality? Are we ready to commit to this as a society What does it say about the position and power of women as mothers that we have failed to uphold our health policies and our laws? A: Areas should be built in public where women can go to breastfeed, and the public should be educated on its importance. But as a society we are not ready for that to be a reality because we don’t see the flaw in our beliefs

When I think about the Public Health Sector in South Africa, I think of long waiting hours which sometimes lead to receiving excellent quality or not so up to par quality of care. However, it is affordable and meaning that it is easily accessible people who cannot afford to spend money on medicines and seeing a doctor every time that they are feeling ill. Health is the ability to access a doctor and medical care when needed, most of the time anyone can walk into a public hospital or clinic and receive medical attention without having to spend much. Public hospitals and clinics address communities with social determinants that prevent them from healthcare in general. It is where people receive free medicines and free education on how to take care of themselves (behavioural determinants) and protect themselves from biological agents such as TB and STD’s. Public hospitals often have posters and pamphlets around the waiting area, the sitting area just before the patient sees the doctor and in the doctor’s office. Nevertheless, the public health sector needs to improve the quality of care, just because it is easily accessible and almost anyone can receive help does not mean that the way that medical care is given to patients is the most efficient and effective. Waiting for long hours to see doctors, waiting long to receive medicines, or still having the handwritten system is makes it difficult for the public health sector to have a big of an impact that it could have on the overall health of the communities that it serves. Lack of organization makes means that even if good evaluations are carried out, interventions could possible not be caried out in the most effective way. Overall, the Health Care System of public health sector is made of many component parts that would require some improvement.

In the previous activity, you used instruction and key words to understand the essay question and what you need to do for your essay. Now that you understand the essay question and what you need to do for your essay, it is important for you to recognise the essay topic to know what you need to write about. Knowing the topic of your essay will help you know what literature you are looking for to provide the evidence you will use in your essay. It will help you to get the right search terms to make your search more accurate. The topic is the main idea, concept, or process you need to write about. To recognise the essay topic, look out for: · Names of people or places · Names of theories · Names of processes · Scientific, mathematical, or specific terms related to your discipline Step 1: Recognising your essay topic(s): Remember your essay is in three parts and although there is one main idea you need to carry throughout your essay, ‘Universal Health Coverage in South Africa’ each part has specific sub-topics that you need to research so that you can fully respond to the questions asked in each part. For this step, list the topics you can see for each part of your essay. Make a note for which topics belong to which part so that you can answer each part/component of your essay appropriately: Step 2: Using the correct language for academic searches It is important to be specific when identifying the topics of your research so that you can get the appropriate literature for you essay. Your essay is on the topic Universal Health Coverage in South Africa. However, lets see what happens when you search for Universal Health Coverage: · Open Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/), and search using term “Universal Health Coverage”. · Find the first article and download it · Next search the term “Universal Health Coverage in South Africa” · Find the first article and download it Read or skim both articles to get an idea of what each article is about and answer the questions that follow: 1. https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/3/e004618.abstract 2. https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article/36/8/1292/6225002 What is the difference between the two articles? Which article is more specific, relevant, and appropriate for your essay question? Why? Are there more words you could add onto the term Universal Health Coverage in South Africa to make your search more specific, if so, list them below: In this step, we conducted a basic search where you compared the results of searches phrased generally and phrased precisely. Since your choice of language can influence the sources you find, it helps to be as precise as possible. Step 3: Finding the literature For this step you are required to use google scholar, the library website, and/or other reputable database to search for literature relevant and appropriate to the topics you wrote above. As we saw in step 2 it will help your search to be as precise as possible to find the literature that will help you respond to the set of questions asked of you in your course paper. Because your paper is divided into 3 parts, you may have identified more than one topic for each part, in that case, searching for the other topics is part of your homework in preparation for writing your paper. For the purposes of this activity, choose one topic for each part of the paper and find two articles based on that topic. In the blocks below write the topic and then the title, author(s), and year for the articles and/or resources you find: Part 1: Topic: Define high-quality health system and why South Africa would need this for universal healthcare to work. 1st paper (https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002682) Title: Health systems thinking: A new generation of research to improve healthcare quality. Author: Hannah H. Leslie, Lisa R. Hirschhorn, Tanya Marchant, Svetlana V. Doubova, Oye Gureje, Margaret E. Kruk Year: October 30, 2018 2nd paper (https://www.annfammed.org/content/20/2/164.abstract) Title: Implementing High-Quality Primary Care Through a Health Equity Lens Author: Azza Eissa, Robyn Rowe, Andrew Pinto, George N. Okoli, Kendall M. Campbell, Judy C. Washington and José E. Rodríguez Year:December 1, 2021 Part 2: Topic: Responding to question “can UHC be achieved in south Africa” 1st paper (https://ghrp.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41256-021-00190-7 ) Title: Health financing for universal health coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review Author: Susan C. Ifeagwu, Justin C. Yang, Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi & Carol Brayne Year: 01 March 2021 2nd paper (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12960-021-00565-4 ) Title: An analysis of the services provided by community health workers within an urban district in South Africa: a key contribution towards universal access to care Author: L. S. Thomas, E. Buch & Y. Pillay Year: 18 February 2021 Part 3: Topic: In your answer describe your chosen building block explaining the various components that make it up. You are then required to suggest one or more process(es) that can be implemented through this building block. 1st paper (https://boris.unibe.ch/150964/1/Michel_JGlobHealthRep_2020.pdf ) Title: Universal health coverage financing in South Africa: wishes vs reality Author: Janet Michel , Fabrizio Tediosi , Matthias Egger , Till Barnighausen , Di McIntyre , Marcel Tanner , David Evans Year: 1 June 2020 2nd paper (https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC-14490ad809 ) Title: Human resources for health and universal health coverage : progress, complexities and contestations Author: Laetitia C. Rispel ,Duane Blaauw, Prudence Ditlopo, Janine White Year: 1 March 2018 3rd paper : https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/jphp.2011.35 Inequities in access to health care in South Africa Bronwyn Harris, Jane Goudge, John E Ataguba, Diane McIntyre, Nonhlanhla Nxumalo, Siyabonga Jikwana & Matthew Chersich 06 July 2021 Well-done, you have completed the first few steps that will help you write a good course paper and submit it on time. Download these papers and store them on your computer. Not only will you need them for next week’s activities, but you will also use these to start writing your paper.

Step 1: Highlighting key instructions and key words The three parts of your essay are written below. Each part of your essay has an instruction and keywords linked to it. Use the text ‘highlight colour function’ on the home tab to highlight the instruction words yellow and the keywords green: Part 1: A high-quality health system is essential for universal health coverage. In this part of the essay, you are required to propose a definition of a high-quality health system and explain why South Africa would need this type of health system for universal health coverage to work. You need to identify and provide evidence-based reasons for why South Africa needs such a system and identify the values that underpin your definition. In your definition you are answering the question, ‘What are the components of a high-quality health care system, i.e., what should your health system achieve and how?’ While this section of your essay requires a level of argument and originality, consider it more expository in that you need to provide a clear, focused explanation of a quality health care system. Generally expository essays do not require an original argument, just a balanced and well-organized view of what a high-quality health system would entail. Here, we are testing how well you research and understand the topic of a high-quality health care system and your ability to organize and convey the information you gather. Part 2: For this part of your essay, you are responding to the question ‘Can UHC be achieved in South Africa right now?’ In answering this question, you need to provide an evidence-based argument to convince the reader of your clear stance. Remember an argumentative essay tests your ability to research and present your own position on a topic. It requires a strong thesis statement—a clearly defined stance in response to the question asked. Your aim is to convince the reader of your thesis using evidence (such as quotations from literature) and analysis. While the answer is a straightforward- yes or no- you need to justify why you think UHC is achievable in South Africa or not. Part 3: Rispel et al (2019) describe the proposed National Health Insurance (NHI) as “a health-financing system that pools funds to provide access to quality health services for all South Africans based on health needs and irrespective of socio-economic status. NHI aims to reform the health system towards the achievement of UHC”. Therefore, the NHI focuses on Health Financing as a building block through which to implement the process of reform of the Health System to provide UHC. NHI aims to achieve this by changing the way the country pays for healthcare. Using the case of National Health Insurance as an example, the final component of your essay is for you to suggest one building block through which to implement the process of reform of the Health System to provide UHC. In your answer describe your chosen building block explaining the various components that make it up. You are then required to suggest one or more process(es) that can be implemented through this building block to improve the quality of the Health System and to ensure that Section 27 of the constitution- access to health services for all- is realised. Make sure you understand all the words you have highlighted, if there is a word you do not understand, make sure to look it up in a dictionary if it is not included in the list of words on the session on uLwazi. The words you have highlighted in yellow, should tell you what to do. And the words highlighted in green, give you vital information about how to do this. Once you have thought about or investigated each highlighted word, then you should be able to make sense of the question and understand exactly what is expected in your essay. Step 2: Paraphrasing the question Now that you understand what is expected, write in your own words (paraphrase) what you think the question is asking you to do: Part 1: Because South Africa would like to implement a universal healthcare system, it would be important for there to be a high-quality health system. A suggested definition for high-quality health system should be provided as well as give explanation as to why South Africa would need a high-quality health system to for the universal healthcare system to be successfully realized. It is necessary that your explanation should be evidence based and identify the values that underpin the definition that you suggested for what it means to have a high-quality health system. In your definition you are answering the question, ‘What are the components of a high-quality health care system, i.e., what should your health system achieve and how?’ In this part of the essay a well-balanced view should be provided in order to explain and convey the information, such as what a high-quality system would require. It is important that you illustrate that you did extensive research and understand the topic of a high-quality health care system and are able to organize and express the information found. Part 2: This part of the essay requires for you to answer the following question: ‘Can UHC be achieved in South Africa right now?’ Your response should be an evidence-based argument to persuade the reader of your point of view. It requires a strong thesis statement—your position towards the question asked should be well known. You are to convince the reader of your thesis using evidence and analysis. You should also justify the idea that UHC is an option in South Africa. This part of the essay should be evidence for your ability to research a topic and argument your position on the given topic. Part 3: Rispel et al (2019) describe the proposed National Health Insurance (NHI) as “a health-financing system that pools funds to provide access to quality health services for all South Africans based on health needs and irrespective of socio-economic status. NHI aims to reform the health system towards the achievement of UHC.” The NHI requires financing to implement the UHC in South Africa and therefore would like to come up with a different way to receive the finances from the people that reside in the country. Financing is one building block for NHI. In this final part of the essay it is required that you come up with an idea, building block, on how UHC can be realised. You need to describe your chosen building block explaining the various components that make it up. Then it is essential to suggest one or more process(es) that can be implemented through this building block to improve the quality of the Health System and to ensure that Section 27 of the constitution- access to health services for all- is realised.